Coating composition.



CARLETON ELLIS, OF MONTCLAIB; NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO ELLIS-FOSTER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY..

COATING COMPOSITION;

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARLEToN ELLIS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented.

certain new and useful Improvements in Coating Compositions, ofwhich the follow-,-

ing is a specification.

This invention relates to or coating compound adapted for use as concrete coating finish compositions and relates particularly to compositions containing an unsapon1- fiable or substantially unsaponifiable resinous or other finish or coating material adapted for tinting and waterproofing concrete surfaces, all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

Thepresence in concrete of a considerable amount of alkaline material makes it undesirable to use linseed oil or other easily saponifiable oil as a base for concrete paint. An unsaponifiable or alkali-resisting coating is required and this can be secured advantageously only by the use of-an unsa- .ponifiable finish-coating body or one which,.

originally saponifiable, has been so treated as to be unaffected by the alkalis of con Tobe sure it is sometimes feasible to ,coat with linseed oil paint, concrete which has been exposed to the action of the weather for a considerable period, so that the free lime has become carbonated and potash, soda and other soluble alkalis superficially washed away. But concrete usually is painted or Waterproofed soon after it has been laid, often before fully dry, and under such circumstances linseed oil has little permanency as a coating ma- -terial. Y

' It is the object of the present invention to provide a composition capable of wlthstanding the disintegrating actlon of weather and alkali and which may be given a body or consistency dependent on the degree of porosity of concrete. As ordinarily prepared concrete is a fairly porous material and absorbs oils very easily by capillary action. In the parlance of the trade this action is known as suction and forthe preliminary coating of concrete, oils of high body which resist suction to a considerable degree are often required. Various materials are therefore set forth in the present Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 25, 1911.

Patented July 4,1916.

Seria1 No. 640,401.

inyention for the purpose of providing consistencies suitable for the various conditions of concrete and cement coating.

As a basis for a cement and concrete coating I preferably make use of a resinous base of a substantially unsaponifiable character, such for example as Jelutong or Pontianak rubber resin. These resins are essentially or characteristically unsaponifiable and thus differ from the resins ordinarily used in the making of varnishes and paint mediums. To be sure there is. in some of the ordinary 1'esins,e specially the harder sorts a small and varying amount of unsaponifiable matter but essentially the resins of the varnish trade 'are saponifiable bodies and therefore not well fitted for serving as a basis for concrete coatings. Most of the resins used in the making of varnishes and paint oils contain not only saponifiable esters but often a large amount of free resin acids.

' Boiling alcoholic potash readily saponifies drying of the composition thus causing rup-' turing of the coating and its ultimate destruction. The resin acids differ from the fatty acids in thisrespect. They are slower than the fatty acids in neutralizing activity, so slow in fact that under ordinary conditions a coating compound has opportunity to dry and harden before neutralizing reactions are fairly under way and these subsequently progress to the detriment of the coating.

The following brief comparison may serve to explain the differences noted. The fats are bodies of synthetic origin and as glycerids form well characterized bodies. The resins are largely bodies resulting from condensation, are very fluctuating in composition and the nature of their components-is notat all well established at the present time. The copals, which are so extensively used in varnish making, vary in composition I has an acid number of about 150 but is also subject to considerable variation in composition. However the uncertain composition of resins makes all these figures of indifferent value and the Variations in ester value and acidity, together with the further changes taking place in the fusing or melting of the hand gums or resins, preparatory to mixing with oils and thinners, leaves in doubt, always, the action of the resin acids and esters on the alkali. The use therefore of short oil varnishes, that is varnishes high in saponifiable resin and low in oil, for coating cement structures is at best only a makeshift. The fattyacids from ordinary fats, including such well defined bodies as 'stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, are more rapid in their neutralizing action and are more homogeneous in composition so that their reaction with cement alkali is more effective and decisive. The same is true of the fatty acids of drying oils, such as linseed and tung or soy bean oils; or the slower drying oils, as corn and cotton seed oil.

The fatty acids of the drying oils have the I advantage that after neutralizing the superficial alkali of concrete, forming in the main a lime soap of a water insoluble character, drying sets in and a more resistant body is produced.- The lime soaps of the resin acids are quite prone to hydrolysis, while the same is true to some extent of the lime soaps of the non-drying oils. The. drying 'oilsare better adapted to resist the hydrolyzing "action of moisture, as their lime soaps, when applied to concrete in the form of a solution-in a 'suitablesolvent-or when formed in or on the cement by the action of their fatty acids applied as a priming coat, for example, undergo oxidation and form- 'oxidized soaps whichdo not exhibit the same hydrolyzable tendencies. Of the drying. oils the acid derived from tung oil is perhaps most satisfactory in this respect. The lime tungate which forms on applying itung acid to concrete has excellent waterproofing qualities.

Secondv in this respect, ordinarily, seed oils.

In an application entitled Cement primer,

.the resin. At 450 are the acids of fish and linfiled. May 24, 1909, Ser. No. 497,934; application for binding and coating composition, filed Mar. 29, 1910, Ser. No. 552,178; application for process of coating concrete, filed Oct. 22, 1910, Ser. No. 588,549, now Patent 999,493; application for waterproof coating composition for concrete, etc., filed Feb. 16, 1911, Ser. No. 608,888, now Patent 999,708, application for concrete and stucco filed May 20, 1911, Ser. No. 628,577, now Patent 1,005,818; and application for priming and coating concrete, filed July 14, 1911, Ser. N 0. 638,515, I have set forth the use of fatty acid neutralizers and unsaponifiable or substantially unsaponifiable resinous or other bodies with or without colloidal thickeners or bodying materials for the priming or coating of concrete and other structures and have set forth in particular the advantages of Jelutong or Pontianak, rubber resin for this purpose. The present application contains matter derived from, these applications and is therefore a divisional continuation of said applications.

'Jelutong resin is a waste or by-product derived from the deresination of rubber, as will be hereinafterset forth more in detail,

paint oil,

and its resistance to alkali, due to its relatively very high proportion of unsaponifiable bodies, makes it especially useful for the coating of concrete. This alkali-proof quality apparently resides, as indicated, in the very low or almost complete absence of the acids and readily saponifiable esters ordi narily found in varnish-resins of the usual type, and in the presence, seemingly, of a large proportion of resistant hydrocarbons derived from the oxidation of rubber. As will be more fully hereinafter set 'forth, theserubber resins are not readily soluble in benzin. turpentine and the other, usual varnish thinners to form stable solutions and the heat treatment to which ordinary varnish gums aresubjected in the inanufacture of varnishes in the usual way does 'not sufiice to make solutions which are entirely satisfactory. Pontianak resin may be put into solution in benzin by first heating the resin to 600 F. or higher for about one hour or until a loss in weight of about 20% results. Longer heating at lower temperaturesj also accomplishes'the same result although less effectively. At 400 F. the heat treatment should be maintained for about 18 hours to secure the desired reformation of F.'twelve hours heating is sufficient. At these lower temperatures the distillation lossby heating is much'less.

The product at 400 F, loses only 5%. in

18 hours as comna'red witli a loss of 20% for one hour at 600 F. to 625 F. Blowing air into the hot resin shortens the process. This is a dangerous procedure at 600 F. but may be carried out at 400 F. without ignition of the resin. The change or reforma- 1 soluble bodies.

tion isprobably an oxidation processdn which the transition products between rubberand rubber resin are destroyed, polymerized or otherwise changed to form more The raw resin is'more soluble in benzol and coal tar hydrocarbons than in petroleum thinners but thelatter are more acceptable to the paint trade through the customary use of benzin and light kerosene as paint thinners.- Mixtures of benzin and benzol serve well, especially on the resin products prepared by heat treatment at about 400 F. with aeration.

In Ser. Nos. 588,549 and 608,888 I have called attention to the difliculty of securing solutions of resinous bodies such as pontiana-k in a strength or concentration sufliciently great for practical commercial use as waterproofing finish coatings for concrete. I have also called attention to the granulation which occurs on exposure of a thin layer of asolution of potianak in an incompatiblesolvent, or in compatible solvent, if the concentration is too great. It is very important in coating concrete to secure a coherent waterproofing finish and in using pontianak in a form which granulates on exposure no satisfactory degree of coherency can be obtained. A saturated solution of pontianak in naphtha (benzin) or about one part of the resin to 3% to 4:

parts of benzin is unsatisfactory as a finish materlal or composition. The resin is presentin an unstable form and on coatlng and drying the granulation or Crystallization position should primarily oressentially contain an unsaponifiable. body or bodies in an amount of 25% or more, and these unsaponifiable bodies should be finish-forming constituents. The composition should be stable and fluent and flowable. It should work freely under the brush and be of a consistency which permits of the use of spraying devices, when required. Of utmost importance is its ability to form a co-' herent waterproofing coating substantially free from granul'ations or crystalline bodies such as have been referred to above. In Ser. No. 608,888 I have} particularly called attention to the difliculty of securing stable coatin s l I If, instead of using ordinary naphtha -(benzin) coal tar naphtha composed of practical standpermanent solutions and coherent benzol or mixtures of benzol and toluol is 7.

used, a stable and fairlyconcentrated solu- If stable solutions in ordinarynaphtha (benzin) are required of a considerable de- 1 gree of concentration these may be secured by heating the resin to say 550 F. or higher for an hour or two when concentrations as high as 50% even, may be obtained. Such extremely concentrated solutions are very well adapted for priming concrete so as to seal the pores of the aggregate thoroughly, thereby making possible the subsequent painting or finishing with ordinary linseed oil paint and the like.

Except for its odor carbon bisulfid is a useful solventfor such resins, especially those which have. been heat treated. Mixtures of benzol and carbon bisulfid are even more effective than either solvent alone, in some cases. Ordinary naphtha, that'is, petroleum benzin may be used to advantage in conjunction with carbon bisulfid. The soluabout the same, or even greater concentration of non-volatile matter as is obtained in the manufacture of many of the grades of ordinary varnishes, paint oils and the like; thus permitting the waterproofing of concrete by the application of only one or two coats'and effectively treating the concrete surface inexpensively. A simple "formula consists in melting one part of Pontianak resin and thinning with about two parts light coal tar naphtha. Another formula consists'of one part Pontianak resin, one fourth part ceresin wax, or Montan wax, and two parts of the naphtha. Still another formula of a somewhat different character consists of one part of Pontianak resin, one eighth part of spin dle oil, one eighth part of tung oil and slightly less than two parts of'the naphtha. Tung oil has a tendency to diminish the gloss or surfacefinish while fish oil en-, hances it. For interior work a gloss is often considered undesirable, while exterior work sometimes shows better waterproofing results if finished in gloss. A formula to this end is made from one part of Pontianak resin, one fourth part of kauri resin, one eighth part each of boiled tung oil and fish 'oil and three fourth parts of naphtha.

, With raw Pontianak resin, that is, resin which has not been heat-treated, petroleum naphtha, more particularly in conjunction with coal tar naphtha may be used more or less;'especially if, as set forth in Ser. No. 588,549, the ptroleum product is more volatile than the aromatic product. In the foregoing formulas, in case he raw re in is used,

for solutions which are to be appliedto very porous concrete, for the rubber resin solution as usually prepared has rather slight body in concentrations of or or so. To prevent suction on the work the addition of such colloids as polymerized oils, particularly polymerized tung oil, aluminum tungate or the aluminum soap of fish oil'are serviceable.

: Rubber also may be used as a colloiding ma' seed oil .with caustic alkali and subsequently terial. Certain waxes may be used in moderate amount, although not as satisfactory for this specific purpose as the above mentioned colloids. The waxes as a rule diminish the gloss; a consideration of some importance in the case of finish for stucco, which usually is specified as dull or matt. Saponifiable waxes such as beeswax, which have a slow neutralizing action on the free alkali,

of concrete are not desirable in a priming coat and are not as effective as the inert waxes like ceresin. Montan wax or Montanic acid may however be used to advantage in some cases.

A product resistant to suction is secured by saponifying a drying oil, such as linseed oil, fish,. Chinese wood oil, corn or cotton precipitating the soap formed in this man- "ner by a soluble salt of aluminum, or any other suitable metallic salt which forms 'a substantially water-insoluble soap but soluble in oils or volatile hydrocarbon solventsand the like to form colloidal solutions. Inasmuch as lime, is. the active ingredient, to a very largeextent, in concrete, the lime soaps of these oils may be advantageously used. The, aluminum soaps however have pronounced colloiding or bodying properties and are to be preferred when a viscous oil is desired.

The oils from which the metallic soap'is prepared may be treated so as to be completely saponified by the use of the requisite amount of caustic alkali and subsequent complete precipitation as a metallic soap, or the oil may be partly saponified according to circumstances. If concrete is not painted until it has been exposed to theweather for a number of years, which is sometimes the case, a good deal of the alkali has become carbonated and is not active. Under such circumstances, the presence of a moderate amount of saponifiable oil, especially if accompanied by a large proportion of unsaponifiable material, is not always objectionable. V

A partially saponified composition may be made by mixing one quart of wood oil,

' one quart of water and three and one half fluid ounces of caustic soda of 50% strength.- This is boiled for an hour or so or until sa ponification has absorbed the alkali. After .saponification is completed, one half pound of pulverized Pontianak resin may be added to the solution. Six ounces of concentrated alum are dissolved in one half gallon of hot resin may first be made, by dissolving three and one half pounds of melted Pontianak resin in one gallon of benzol. One to two pounds of the aluminum tun'gate composition are dissolved in a gallon of the Pon- -tianak resin solution. 3% to 5% of wax may be added if it is desired to increase the flatting action. vThe Pontianak resin may, if desired, be heated to 500 F. to 600 F. for an hour or more before thinning with the benzol, or other solvent; in which case five to eight pounds of the resin per gallon of benzol may be used for special work exposed to extreme service conditions.

The greater the amount of the colloiding aluminum compound used the greater the body of the oil. Threeto four pounds of Pontianak resin and three pounds of aluminum tungate to a gallon of benzol give a composition of high body. When a completely saponified colloidal thickener is desired the proportions may be one quart of tung' oil, two quarts of water and about six ounces of caustic soda, which mixture is boiledfor a half hour or so until the oil is completely saponified. Precipitation with concentrated alum is made as before, using of course sufficient alum to combine with all the saponified product. On drying this material a tough mass is produced which is diflicult to melt and a little kauri or Pontia-nak resin and so forth'may-be addedas afiuxing material. From this form of the tungate a concrete'oil may be made by melting one pound of tungate with two and one colloidal metallo-organic compounds uti-v lized herein. To make the" aluminum soa of this oil the procedures set forth under the foregoing formulas may be employed and r the aluminum soap resulting substituted in aforesaid formulas. The lime soap of fish oil may be prepared by heating fishoil with hydrated lime and similarly used. As a rule the soaps prepared by precipitation (wet process) are more colloidal and are more satisfactory than those prepared by melting (fusion process) or boiling. The

question of the surface effector finish has also to be considered in this connection. The boiling operation of varnish making tends to give products drying with a gloss.

Cold mixing of solutions of the various non-volatile ingredients more often gives a duller finish is afforded.

In Ser. No. 497,934, filed May 24, 1909, now Patent 1,112,059, I haveset forth the advantages of applying to concrete a priming coat of an oily character containing fatty acids, especially those of siccative oils and have enumerated the following illustrative formulas :(A) one part of free fatty acid from linseed oil, one part of linseed oil and one part of tung oil; (B) equal parts of linseed oil and linseed oil fatty acids; (C)

4 equal parts of linseed oil, linseed oil fatty acids and gum thus; (D) linseed oil eight parts, linseed oil fatty acids seven parts, tung oil three parts, resin two parts, lithe, pone parts and gypsum four partsother v resins such as Manila or kauri copal being substituted for the resin, if desired,'or the resinous material omitted entirely, or in creased and the oil reduced in amount to make a more rapidly drying composition:

(E) linseed oil fatty acids seven parts, kauri copal ten parts, resin three parts, benzin six parts, turpentine three parts and zinc sulfid twenty parts. i

I have observed that the fatty acid of tung oil'possesses the desirable high speed of neutralization characteristic of linseed oil fatty acids and certain others, that like L5 the linseed oil fatty acids the tung acids are miscible with other oils and thinners such asused in varnish making, that they have excellent siccative qualities in the presence of small amounts of 'driers and that ill they have a specific waterproofing quality rendering these tung acids very useful in the priming of concrete subject to extreme service conditions. Tung acids may therefore be used in the above formulas A to E inclusive when conditions indicate a greater adaptability for the purpose in'hand, than the fatty acids of linseed oil. In the above last mentioned formulas an unsaponifiable or substantially unsaponifiable' resin such 0 as Jelutong rubber resin may be substituted for the essentially saponifiable kauri, Manila copal or resin, orfor the linseed and Chinese wood oil. It should be noted however that Chinese wood oil is more resistant 5 to lime saponification thanlinseed oil. Al-

thinned and cooled, and then tung oil added,

though tung oil is a. glycerid and is saponified with considerable ease by potash or soda or other alkali forming a water-soluble soap, it does not saponify easily when in' contact with the free lime of cement, provided neither potash or soda are present in more than minute amounts as is the case with some kinds of Portland cement. Thus tung oil hascertain advantages over'linseed oil in this respect. Tung oil belongs to a, class of oils which are rather easily acted on by light to 'form what appear to be polymerized bodies and in the polymeric or changed conditions are'not as sensitive to free lime.

Many drying and non-drying oils maybe polymerized by heating to a high temperature for a'short period. Linseed oil polymerizes at temperatures between 250300 C., although at somewhat lower temperatures it is changed in constitution more or less. Castor oil, which is a non-drying oil polymerizes at about the same temperature and then becomes soluble in mineral oils and petroleum thinners. -Wood oil polymerizes easily at somewhat lower temperatures and gelatinizes to form an elastic compound which is scarcely soluble in most solvents. If carefully heated only to a point where polymerization begins the product will dissolve in some solvents. The resence of resinous bodies retards gelatimzation and permits of heating the oil to much higher temperatures without solidification resulting. The inner anhydrids of the fatty acids which presumably form on such heating are not so easily saponified asthe raw oil and if combined with pontianak or'similar alkali resistant body having finish forming properties a concrete oil may be derived which serves fairly well on concrete low in potash or soda. It should be stated that the glycerin content of gelatinized tung oil is less than that of the normal oil, which is a point in its favor in connection with the prepara tion of concrete oils, as glycerin is not only a hygroscopic substance but it is a solvent for lime, and lime in the form of glycerid Tung oil is also polymerized or acids may be polymerized by heat or chemi-- I cal treatment. Castor oil or its fatty acids may be polymerized with gelatinization by heating with a concentrated solution of zinc chlorid or other condensing agent. The reaction is not probably true polymerization but it afiords a means of preparing a colloidal thickening agent for certain solutions. When castor oil is treated with strong sulfuric acid, it does not gelatinize like tung oil, but forms ricinsulfonic acid Some of and other sulfonated products; the other animal and vegetable oils act similarly, as is well known. The sulfonated oils may be used asthe acid component in acid primers for concrete, or water-insoluble soaps such as the lime or aluminum orzinc compounds may be used as colloidal thickeners. The sulfonic radical in such oils reduces the tendency of the soaps prepared therefrom to hydrolyze under the prolonged action of water or dampness. Acid neutralizers soluble in organic solvents may be obrape, tung, linseed,-candle nut, soy bean,

in some forms are useful as thickeners.

tained from naphthalene by chlorinating to form'a hydrochlorid of naphthalene chlorid.

perilla, resin, corn, cotton seed, fish, peanut, olive, castor, palm, lard, tallow and other oils forms more or less oil-soluble products depending upon the amount of sulfur chlorid employed.- The fatty acids from these oils react with sulfur chlorid in a different manner from the glycerids themselves, and as a rule are more soluble in oils and paint thinners. If these oils are mixed with a solution of Pontianak resin or other resin solution, using preferably a solvent unaffected by sulfurchlorid, and to this mixture a suitable quantity of sulfur chlorid is added a more satisfactory incorporation is secured than when the oil is sep ately treated with sulfur chlorid. The ac ion of 'the chlorid on'the strongly drying oils is so energetic that diflicultly soluble compounds are produced unless great care is taken in their preparation and the semi-dryingoils are more easily treated with sulfur chlorid for the purpose of producing readily soluble but highly colloidal thickening agents.

To obtain these desirable thickening agents free from chlorin the oils may be vulcanized with-sulfur at C., more or less. In this case also too great an amount of sulfur produces insoluble bodies and ordinarily from 5% to 10% of sulfur is suflicient. The I, bodying properties of tung oil are improved by treatment with only 3% of sulfur.

- Stearic acid does not absorb sulfur at the vulcanizing temperature or melting point of sulfur, or even at somewhat higher temperatures. Oleic acid, on the contrary absorbs some 10% of sulfur at C. to C. and this thickened acid may be used as a neutralizer of concrete alkali in priming compositions. Some of the nitrated oils, as linseed and, castor oil s, serve as colloidal thickeners.

Among the solvents suitable for the dissolution of J elutong resin and the like, benzol and its homologues, toluol and xylol are as indicated most useful. Carbon bisulfid is likewise efiicient. and otherchlorids of carbon, such as the chlorids ofethylene and ethane afl'ord noninflammable solutions. Petroleum 'benzin, li'groin, kerosene, light kerosene 0r-heavy benzin, anilin, light oils of wood tar,-wood and grain alcohol, acetone, oil of acetone and other ketones, ethers and esters may be employed. Spirits of turpentine, 'wood turpentine, Russian turpentine, pine oil and fir tree oil may also be used. In the case of alcoholic solutions and the like, nitrocellulose or celluloid or other colloidal thickener solublein alcoholic menstruums maybe incorporated' to give body. The barium. and

calcium soaps of ri'cinoleic acid are somewhat soluble in alcoholic bodies and these and similar materials may likewise be employed for thickening the solutions.

The waxy-materials referred to above serve a twofoldpurpose, in that they give body to the solutions and aid in flatting.

. The unsaponifiable waxes are best from the Carbon tetrachlorid standpoint of resistance to alkali. Chinese and Japanese waxes are saponifiable. Chi-- nese wax or Chinese vegetable tallow'forms a zinc soap which may be used as a thickener; in fact soaps may be made from both of these waxes which are useful colloiding bodies. Bayberry tallow is saponifiable.

Beeswax consists largely of cerotic acid and myricyl palmitate with 127 to 15% of hydrocarbons of the ethylene series. It 1s slowly 'saponified by cement-alkali and-is best used in the form of an oil-soluble metallicj soap. Carnauba'and shellac wax are diflicultly soluble in the solvents preferably employed in making concrete oil compositions. Montan wax and Montanic acid;

spermaceti paraffin; scale wax (a soft crude form of paraffin) ozocerite, or better its refined form, "ceresin; candelilla wax; palm wax and Chinese lnsect wax may be-used.

Other materials which may be incorpo;

rated for certain applications are the resin esters, e. g. Manila,- Congo, colophony. The

esters of phenol, cresol, naphthol and glycerin with these resins and their condensation products may be employed. The condensation products of phenol, cresol or other phe-- nolic body with formaldehyde, using a basic or acid condensing agent may, if not condensedv beyond a certain point, be used in.

solution with Pontianak resin or other similar resinous body and the like.

For general purposes where 'a thickened composition is desired the following illustrative formula is especially applicable heat treated Jelutong resin 25 parts, ceresin 2 parts, oil-soluble compound from cottonseed oil and sulfur chlorid 8 parts, tung acids 10 parts, Japan drier 1 part, benzol 30 parts and benzin 24 parts. Rubber may be substituted for sulfureted cotton-seed oil in the case of very strongly alkaline cements. Tung acids are exceptionally good solvents of recovered rubber, and in using this relatively cheap rubber material the rubber stock may be separately heated with the tung 'acids until solution is effected and then mixed with the other ingredients.

In the case of structural steel, which as a reinforcing material is to be embedded in concrete a rather viscous coating is to be preferred. Mixtures of guayule rubber resin and Pontianak resin in naphtha solution carrying a filler of dry finely-ground Portland cement are suitable, as set forth in Ser. No. 552,178. Recovered rubber may be used in lieu of guayule and as for such purposes a light colored oil is not usually required admixtures of other material such as pitches, tars, as candle tar, gilsonite, elaterite, asphalt and the like may be made use of.

- A certain degree of plasticity is desired in such compositions, coupled with good resistance to alkali. The composition must bond both with the steel and the concrete. The

incorporation of Portland cement in the concrete oil aids in assimilating the coating composition with the concrete. For this purpose a formula of the following description may be employed: Pontianak resin (heat treated) 25 parts, recovered rubber 10 parts, wax'5 parts, candle tar 5 parts, gilsonite 5 parts and coal tar naphtha 50 parts, to which mixture is added'sufiicient dry Portland cement or other filler to make a heavy bodied coating mixture.

By' finish-forming constituents as used herein I intend to indicate those materials capable of forming a thin coherent film, including resinous bodies and siccative oils. Paraffin oil and other non-volatile petroleum and non-drying oils have not true finishforming properties although sometimes used to adulterate drying oils and the like. When introduced into linseed or Chinese wood oil for example parafiin oil retards drying and after or during the process of drying the parafiin oil exudes more or less from the siccative oil film causing a greasy surface which collects dust and renders the oil coating or finish of low durability. Hence, although parafiin oil is unsaponifiable it is unsuited for incorporation in the compositions of the present invention except in very moderate amounts for fluxing or extending purposes. A small amount of petroleum oil sometimes is present in pontianak', being introduced at the time of coagulation orpreparation of the raw gum. As petroleum oil reduces the melting point of Pontianak resin and in any substantial amount renders the resin soft and sticky, its use as an extending material is not recommended.

In. mixing the priming or finish vehicle with colors'or pigments to form paints, care should be taken that these are fast to cement-alkali. Prussian blue or the greens prepared from it are affected by lime. The following pigments may be used to advantage:-for buff; yellow ocher: for light yellow; zinc, yellow (zinc chromate) for red red ocher or red oxid of iron: for blue; ultramarine blue: for. green; ultramarine green or oxid of chromium green: for white; zinc white, zinc sulfid or lithopone: for black; mineral black, black oxid of iron, black oxid of manganese: for gray; graphite or mineral black with lithopone. In the case of an acid primer those pigments of a basic character which liver. are excluded from ready mixed paints in most cases.

To recapitulate, my invention relates to a concrete priming or finish composition comprising essentially a substantial and influential proportion of unsaponifiable finishforming material; said composition or solution preferably containing or better to of unsaponifiable resinous material, preferably Jelutong rubber resin; said composition also preferably containing a bodying material or colloid thickener such 'as an oil-or-thinner-miscible vulcanized oil;

said composition being stable, fluent and flowable, preferably light colored and preferably transparent to translucent in thin layers, and capable of drying on exposure in thin'films to form a firm, adhesive, coherent waterproofing coating resistant to cementalkali and substantiallyfree from segregation and granulation.

What I claim is 1. A coating composition comprising essentially a substantial and influential proportion of unsaponifiable resinous finishforming material, a thinner and a colloidal bodying agent comprising a vulcanized oil; said composition bein stable, fluent and flowable and capable o drying on exposure in thin films to form a coherent firm adhesive waterproofing coating free from granulation.

2. A coating composition adapted for use as a concrete priming or finish composition comprising essentially a substantial and influential proportion of unsaponifiable resinous finish-forming material, a compatible thinner therefor and a colloidal thickener comprising vulcanized oil miscible with said thinner, and tung acids;.said composition being stable, fluent and flowable, light colored, transparent to translucent in films of varnish-coating thickness, and capable of drying on exposure in thin films to form a substantially gloss-free, coherent, firm, ad- 4 Signed at Chesham in the county of Chehesive waterproofing coating free .from shire and State ofNew Hampshire-this fl ith l' granulation and resistant to cement-alkali. day of July A. D. 1911.

3. A coating composition comprising an 5 unsaponifiable resinous finish-forining ma- CARLETON ELLIS.

terial, a thinner and vulcanized Chinese Witnesses: f i wood oil substantially in the proportions HERBERT L. OArRON, described. 1

J UDSON N. WALKER. 

